Nickel Alloy 4J78, 4J80, 4J82 Steel Plate/Sheet are precision alloys known for their excellent thermal expansion properties and are typically used in applications requiring matching expansion properties with glass or ceramics. These alloys are part of the Invar family of alloys, which are composed primarily of nickel and iron.
Nickel Alloy 4J78, 4J80, 4J82 Overview
These alloys are often referred to as Invar-like materials and are part of the Kovar family, which is widely used in industries where thermal expansion control is essential. They are ideal for applications where precision and minimal thermal expansion over a wide range of temperatures are required.
Chemical Composition:
The precise composition of each alloy may slightly vary depending on the grade and manufacturer. However, the general compositions for 4J78, 4J80, and 4J82 are:
4J78
- Nickel (Ni): ~ 36%
- Iron (Fe): Balance (about 64%)
- Other Elements: Small amounts of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur.
4J80
- Nickel (Ni): ~ 29%
- Iron (Fe): Balance (about 71%)
- Other Elements: Similar trace elements as 4J78.
4J82
- Nickel (Ni): ~ 40%
- Iron (Fe): Balance
- Other Elements: Similar to 4J78 and 4J80.
Key Properties:
| Property |
4J78 / 4J80 / 4J82 Nickel Alloy |
| Nickel Content |
29-40% (depending on alloy) |
| Iron Content |
Balance (about 60-70%) |
| Density |
~8.0-8.5 g/cm³ |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient |
Extremely low (specifically tailored for thermal expansion control) |
| Tensile Strength |
~ 500-600 MPa |
| Melting Point |
~1,300°C (2,372°F) |
| Electrical Resistivity |
~0.50 μΩ·cm |
| Thermal Conductivity |
~15-20 W/m·K |
| Corrosion Resistance |
Good resistance to corrosion and oxidation, though not as strong as some pure nickel alloys |
Key Features:
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Low Thermal Expansion:
- The main feature of 4J78, 4J80, and 4J82 alloys is their low thermal expansion coefficient. They are specifically designed for applications where materials must maintain their dimensions over a wide range of temperatures.
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Precision Alloys:
- These alloys are precision materials, typically used in industries requiring exact thermal expansion matches. 4J80, for example, is often used for sealing in electronics, glass-to-metal seals, and sensitive electronic components.
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Excellent Workability:
- These alloys have good formability, allowing them to be easily rolled, welded, and machined into thin plates or complex parts.
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Good Corrosion Resistance:
- Although not as resistant to corrosion as pure nickel alloys, they still offer moderate resistance to corrosion, particularly in mild environments.
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Magnetic Properties:
- These alloys tend to have ferromagnetic properties in their natural state, which is why they are often chosen for applications requiring magnetic characteristics.
Applications:
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Glass-to-Metal Seals:
- Alloys like 4J78, 4J80, and 4J82 are commonly used in applications where a low thermal expansion material is required to form seals between metal and glass, particularly in electronic devices like vacuum tubes, bulbs, and sensors.
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Aerospace:
- These alloys are used in aerospace components where stability in extreme temperature ranges is required, particularly for aircraft and spacecraft parts that experience fluctuating temperatures.
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Electronic Components:
- Precision components such as connectors, seals, and sockets often use 4J alloys due to their ability to maintain their shape and properties in varying temperature conditions.
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Optical Applications:
- Optical instruments like lenses, mirrors, and fiber optic components can benefit from 4J80 alloys when temperature-induced expansion could distort measurements or functionality.
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Magnetic Applications:
- 4J alloys are used in some magnetic applications, including magnetic shielding and components for electrical transformers or motors that need a controlled magnetic permeability.
Shandong Titanium Nickel Special Steel Co., Ltd., registered funds (one thousand yuan for 10,000 yuan), the company is mainly committed to high -tech enterprises that are integrated with special alloy materials, specializing in the research and sales of special alloys such as nickel -based and iron -based. Products include corrosion-resistant alloys, superalloys, precision alloys, Hastelloy, Monel, INCONEL, INCOLOY, copper-nickel alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, zirconium and zirconium alloys, nickel and nickel-based alloys, nickel-cobalt-based heat-resistant alloys , Hafnium alloy, etc., more than 60 kinds of alloy materials such as special stainless steel. On the basis of stabilizing the quality of the original products, according to the market demand, it solves the quality problems existing in the traditional metallurgical process, and ensures the low miscellaneous and low deflection of the alloy material products, which has won an excellent reputation in the industry.
Product Description
| Property |
|
Precision Alloy Steel Sheets |
| Material Composition |
|
Similar to strips, precision alloy sheets are made from carefully controlled compositions, often with low expansion coefficients or specialized magnetic properties, such as Invar or Mu-metal. |
| Thickness |
|
Precision alloy sheets are thicker than strips, typically ranging from 0.5 mm to several millimeters, depending on mechanical and thermal property requirements. |
| Applications |
|
Commonly used in industries such as aerospace, electronics, and medical devices for components like structural parts, enclosures, and sensitive instrumentation that require controlled mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy. |
| Mechanical Properties |
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High tensile strength, excellent flatness, and precision in dimensions. These sheets offer stable mechanical properties under both high and low temperature conditions. |
| Thermal Properties |
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Similar to strips, these sheets are designed for specific thermal behaviors, such as low expansion or high-temperature stability, depending on the alloy (e.g., Invar, Mu-metal). |
| Electrical Properties |
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Precision alloys in sheet form may also have controlled electrical resistance, especially for applications in sensitive electronics or electrical components. |
| Magnetic Properties |
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Similar to strips, magnetic alloys like Mu-metal sheets are used for shielding in sensitive equipment to control or eliminate external magnetic interference. |
| Forming & Fabrication |
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Precision alloy sheets can be cold-rolled, heat-treated, laser-cut, or stamped. They are suitable for both complex shapes and applications requiring high dimensional tolerance and material consistency. |
| Heat Treatment |
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Heat treatments like solution annealing or stress-relief are common for precision alloy sheets to improve properties such as strength, stability, and resistance to thermal expansion. |
| Welding & Joining |
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Precision alloy sheets can be welded or brazed, although welding requires careful control of heat to avoid compromising the alloy's properties. |
| Examples of Alloys |
|
Invar, Mu-metal, Kovar, Constantan, Permalloy |
| Cost |
|
Precision alloy sheets are also expensive, as they require precise manufacturing and composition control. Their cost is higher than standard steel or non-precision alloys. |
| Common Standards |
|
ASTM A-240, ASTM B-637, ASTM B-553, AMS 5525 |
Detailed Photos
Key Advantages:
- Controlled Properties: Tailored for specific applications, offering controlled expansion, high strength, or high electrical conductivity.
- Dimensional Stability: Excellent flatness, accuracy, and stability, even under thermal cycling.
- High Durability: Resistant to thermal, mechanical, and magnetic stresses, making them suitable for critical components in sensitive environments.
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FAQ
1: What is precision alloy?
Precision alloys refer to special alloys with high purity, uniformity and stability. They are usually used to manufacture parts or components that have extremely strict size, shape and performance requirements. They have special physical properties (such as magnetic, electrical, thermal, etc.) and chemical properties to meet specific engineering requirements.
2: What are the main types of precision alloys?
Precision alloys can be divided into many types according to their different physical properties, mainly including:
Magnetic alloys: Such as soft magnetic alloys and permanent magnetic alloys (hard magnetic alloys).
Elastic alloy: An alloy that can deform reversibly under certain stress or temperature conditions.
Expansion alloy: An alloy with a large linear expansion coefficient within a certain temperature range.
Thermal Bimetal: A composite material composed of two or more metallic materials that exhibit different thermal expansion properties.
Resistive Alloys: Alloys with stable resistivity and constant temperature coefficient of resistance.
Thermoelectric alloy: Alloy with thermoelectric effect.
Hydrogen storage alloy: An alloy with hydrogen storage function.
Shape memory alloy: Alloys with shape memory effect.
Magnetostrictive alloy: A type of metal material with magnetostrictive effect.
3: What are the main application areas of precision alloys?
Precision alloys are widely used in aerospace, automobiles and trains, energy and chemicals, medical equipment, electronics industry, fasteners and other fields. For example, in the aerospace field, precision alloys are used to manufacture aircraft engines, aviation structural parts, missiles, etc.; in the automotive and train field, they are used to manufacture engines, transmission systems, chassis components, tracks, wheels, etc.
4: What is the production process of precision alloy?
The production process of precision alloys includes the selection and pretreatment of alloy raw materials, smelting and casting, heat treatment and processing technology, as well as surface treatment and performance testing. The entire production process requires precise control of each link to ensure that the composition and performance of the alloy meet the requirements.
5: How to detect the quality of precision alloy?
Quality testing of precision alloys is mainly through chemical analysis and physical property testing. Commonly used testing methods include spectral analysis, tensile testing, hardness testing and low-temperature impact testing to ensure that each batch of alloys can meet predetermined technical requirements.
6: What are the significant advantages of precision alloys?
Advantages of precision alloys include:
Has unique physical properties, such as excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and magnetism.
Excellent mechanical properties, high strength, wear resistance and good elasticity.
Strong corrosion resistance and long service life.
Stable performance in a wide temperature range and wide application.
It has good processing performance and is easy to manufacture precisely.
The ingredients and organization are controllable to meet diverse needs.
7: What kind of performance does precision alloy show in a magnetic field?
Magnetic alloys in precision alloys exhibit excellent magnetic properties in magnetic fields. For example, soft magnetic alloys have high magnetic permeability and low coercivity, are easy to demagnetize, and have low energy loss during cyclic magnetization, making them indispensable materials in electromagnetic equipment.
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